Ukuvala inzalo (noma ukuvala inzalo) ku-microbiology yigama elibhekisela kunoma iyiphi inqubo eqeda (esusa) noma ebulala zonke izinhlobo zempilo yamagciwane, okuhlanganisa izinto ezithathelwanayo (ezifana nesikhunta, amagciwane, amagciwane, amafomu ezinhlamvu, njll.) ezikhona endaweni, equkethwe oketshezini, emithini, noma kwinhlanganisela efana nemithombo yezindaba ye-biological culture. Ukuvala inzalo kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela efanele yokushisa, amakhemikhali, imisebe, umfutho ophezulu, nokuhlunga.

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Ngokuvamile, amathuluzi okuhlinza kanye nemithi engena engxenyeni yomzimba evele ingenalutho (njengomgudu wegazi, noma ingena esikhunjeni) kufanele ibulawe inzalo ibe sezingeni eliphezulu lokuqinisekisa inzalo, noma i-SAL. Izibonelo zamathuluzi anjalo zifaka ama-scalpel, izinaliti ze-hypodermic kanye nama-pacemaker okwenziwa. Lokhu kubalulekile futhi ekwenziweni kwemithi yabazali.

Ukuvala inzalo njengencazelo kuqeda konke ukuphila; kuyilapho ukukhucululwa kwendle kanye nokubulala amagciwane kuphelisa ngokukhetha nangokwengxenye. Kokubili ukukhucululwa kwendle kanye nokubulala amagciwane kunciphisa inani lezinto eziphilayo eziqondiswe ku-pathogenic zibe amazinga athathwa ngokuthi "amukelekile" - amazinga umzimba onempilo, ongaguquki, ongabhekana nawo. Isibonelo salesi sigaba senqubo i-Pasteurization.

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Phakathi kwezindlela zokuvala inzalo sine:
- Ukushisa inzalo
- Ukuvala inzalo ngamakhemikhali
- Ukuvala inzalo ngemisebe
- Ukuhlunga oyinyumba